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.TH ICONV 3C "Oct 6, 2004"
.SH NAME
iconv \- code conversion function
.SH SYNOPSIS
.SS "Default"
.LP
.nf
#include <iconv.h>

\fBextern size_t\fR \fBiconv\fR(\fBiconv_t\fR \fIcd\fR, \fBconst char **restrict\fR \fIinbuf\fR,
     \fBsize_t *restrict\fR \fIinbytesleft\fR, \fBchar **restrict\fR \fIoutbuf\fR,
     \fBsize_t *restrict\fR \fIoutbytesleft\fR);
.fi

.SS "SUSv3"
.LP
.nf
#include <iconv.h>

\fBsize_t\fR \fBiconv\fR(\fBiconv_t\fR \fIcd\fR, \fBchar **restrict\fR \fIinbuf\fR,
     \fBsize_t *restrict\fR \fIinbytesleft\fR, \fBchar **restrict\fR \fIoutbuf\fR,
     \fBsize_t *restrict\fR \fIoutbytesleft\fR);
.fi

.SH DESCRIPTION
.sp
.LP
The \fBiconv()\fR function converts the sequence of characters from one code
set,  in the array specified by \fIinbuf\fR, into a sequence of corresponding
characters in another code set, in the array specified by \fIoutbuf\fR. The
code sets are those specified in the \fIiconv_open\fR(\|) call that returned
the conversion descriptor, \fIcd\fR. The \fIinbuf\fR argument points to a
variable that points to the first character in the input buffer and
\fIinbytesleft\fR indicates the number of bytes to the end of the buffer to be
converted. The \fIoutbuf\fR argument points to a variable that points to the
first available byte in the output buffer and \fIoutbytesleft\fR indicates the
number of the available bytes to the end of the buffer.
.sp
.LP
For state-dependent encodings, the conversion descriptor \fIcd\fR is placed
into its initial shift state by a call for which \fIinbuf\fR is a null pointer,
or for which \fIinbuf\fR points to a null pointer. When \fBiconv()\fR is called
in this way, and if  \fIoutbuf\fR is not a null pointer or a pointer to a null
pointer, and \fIoutbytesleft\fR points to a positive value, \fBiconv()\fR will
place, into the output buffer,  the byte sequence to change the output buffer
to its initial shift state.  If the output buffer is not large enough to hold
the entire reset sequence, \fBiconv()\fR will fail and set  \fIerrno\fR to
\fBE2BIG\fR. Subsequent calls with \fIinbuf\fR as other than a null pointer or
a pointer to a null pointer cause the  conversion to take place from the
current state of the conversion descriptor.
.sp
.LP
If a sequence of input bytes does not form a valid character in the specified
code set, conversion stops  after the previous successfully converted
character. If the input buffer ends with an incomplete character or shift
sequence, conversion stops after the previous successfully converted bytes. If
the output buffer is not large enough to hold the entire converted input,
conversion stops just prior to the input bytes that would cause the output
buffer to overflow. The variable pointed to by \fIinbuf\fR is updated to point
to the byte following the last byte successfully used in the conversion.  The
value pointed to by \fIinbytesleft\fR is decremented to reflect the number of
bytes still not converted in the input buffer. The variable pointed to by
\fIoutbuf\fR is updated to point to the byte following the last byte of
converted output data. The value pointed to by \fIoutbytesleft\fR is
decremented to reflect the number of bytes still available in the output
buffer. For state-dependent encodings, the conversion descriptor is updated to
reflect the shift state in effect at the end of the last  successfully
converted byte sequence.
.sp
.LP
If  \fBiconv()\fR encounters a character in the input buffer that is legal, but
for which an identical character does not exist in the target code set,
\fBiconv()\fR performs an implementation-defined conversion on this character.
.SH RETURN VALUES
.sp
.LP
The  \fBiconv()\fR function updates the variables pointed to by the arguments
to reflect the extent of the conversion and returns the number of non-identical
conversions performed.  If the entire string in the input buffer is converted,
the value pointed to by \fIinbytesleft\fR will be \fB0\fR. If the input
conversion is stopped due to any conditions mentioned above, the value pointed
to by  \fIinbytesleft\fR will be non-zero and  \fBerrno\fR is set to indicate
the condition.  If an error occurs \fBiconv()\fR returns \fB(size_t)\fR
\fB\(mi1\fR and sets \fIerrno\fR to indicate the error.
.SH ERRORS
.sp
.LP
The \fBiconv()\fR function will fail if:
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBEILSEQ\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 10n
Input conversion stopped due to an input byte that does not belong to the input
code set.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBE2BIG\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 10n
Input conversion stopped due to lack of space in the output buffer.
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBEINVAL\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 10n
Input conversion stopped due to an incomplete  character or shift sequence at
the end of the input buffer.
.RE

.sp
.LP
The \fBiconv()\fR function may fail if:
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fBEBADF\fR\fR
.ad
.RS 9n
The \fIcd\fR argument is not a valid open conversion descriptor.
.RE

.SH EXAMPLES
.LP
\fBExample 1 \fRUsing the \fBiconv()\fR Functions
.sp
.LP
The following example uses the \fBiconv()\fR functions:

.sp
.in +2
.nf
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iconv.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

/*
 * For state-dependent encodings, changes the state of the
 * conversion descriptor to initial shift state.  Also, outputs
 * the byte sequence to change the state to initial state.
 * This code is assuming the iconv call for initializing the
 * state will not fail due to lack of space in the output buffer.
 */
#define INIT_SHIFT_STATE(cd, fptr, ileft, tptr, oleft) \e
    { \e
        fptr = NULL; \e
        ileft = 0; \e
        tptr = to; \e
        oleft = BUFSIZ; \e
        (void) iconv(cd, &fptr, &ileft, &tptr, &oleft); \e
        (void) fwrite(to, 1, BUFSIZ - oleft, stdout); \e
    }

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    iconv_t cd;
    char    from[BUFSIZ], to[BUFSIZ];
    char    *from_code, *to_code;
    char    *tptr;
    const char  *fptr;
    size_t  ileft, oleft, num, ret;


    if (argc != 3) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr,
            "Usage: %s from_codeset to_codeset\e\en", argv[0]);
        return (1);
    }

    from_code = argv[1];
    to_code = argv[2];

    cd = iconv_open((const char *)to_code, (const char *)from_code);
    if (cd == (iconv_t)-1) {
        /*
         * iconv_open failed
         */
        (void) fprintf(stderr,
            "iconv_open(%s, %s) failed\e\en", to_code, from_code);
        return (1);
    }

    ileft = 0;
    while ((ileft +=
        (num = fread(from + ileft, 1, BUFSIZ - ileft, stdin))) > 0) {
        if (num == 0) {
            /*
             * Input buffer still contains incomplete character
             * or sequence.  However, no more input character.
             */

            /*
             * Initializes the conversion descriptor and outputs
             * the sequence to change the state to initial state.
             */
            INIT_SHIFT_STATE(cd, fptr, ileft, tptr, oleft);
            (void) iconv_close(cd);

            (void) fprintf(stderr, "Conversion error\e\en");
            return (1);
        }

        fptr = from;
        for (;;) {
            tptr = to;
            oleft = BUFSIZ;

            ret = iconv(cd, &fptr, &ileft, &tptr, &oleft);
            if (ret != (size_t)-1) {
                /*
                 * iconv succeeded
                 */

                /*
                 * Outputs converted characters
                 */
                (void) fwrite(to, 1, BUFSIZ - oleft, stdout);
                break;
            }

            /*
             * iconv failed
             */
            if (errno == EINVAL) {
                /*
               * Incomplete character or shift sequence
                 */

                /*
                 * Outputs converted characters
                 */
                (void) fwrite(to, 1, BUFSIZ - oleft, stdout);
                /*
                 * Copies remaining characters in input buffer
                 * to the top of the input buffer.
                 */
                (void) memmove(from, fptr, ileft);
                /*
                 * Tries to fill input buffer from stdin
                 */
                break;
            } else if (errno == E2BIG) {
                /*
                 * Lack of space in output buffer
                 */

                /*
                 * Outputs converted characters
                 */
                (void) fwrite(to, 1, BUFSIZ - oleft, stdout);
                /*
                 * Tries to convert remaining characters in
                 * input buffer with emptied output buffer
                 */
                continue;
            } else if (errno == EILSEQ) {
                /*
                 * Illegal character or shift sequence
                 */

                /*
                 * Outputs converted characters
                 */
                (void) fwrite(to, 1, BUFSIZ - oleft, stdout);
                /*
                 * Initializes the conversion descriptor and
                 * outputs the sequence to change the state to
                 * initial state.
                 */
                INIT_SHIFT_STATE(cd, fptr, ileft, tptr, oleft);
                (void) iconv_close(cd);

                (void) fprintf(stderr,
                 "Illegal character or sequence\e\en");
                return (1);
            } else if (errno == EBADF) {
                /*
                 * Invalid conversion descriptor.
                 * Actually, this shouldn't happen here.
                 */
                (void) fprintf(stderr, "Conversion error\e\en");
                return (1);
            } else {
                /*
                 * This errno is not defined
                 */
                (void) fprintf(stderr, "iconv error\e\en");
                return (1);
            }
        }
    }

    /*
     * Initializes the conversion descriptor and outputs
     * the sequence to change the state to initial state.
     */
    INIT_SHIFT_STATE(cd, fptr, ileft, tptr, oleft);

    (void) iconv_close(cd);
    return (0);
}
.fi
.in -2

.SH FILES
.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB/usr/lib/iconv/*.so\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
conversion modules for 32-bit
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB/usr/lib/iconv/sparcv9/*.so\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
conversion modules for 64-bit sparc
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB/usr/lib/iconv/amd64/*.so\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
conversion modules for 64-bit amd64
.RE

.sp
.ne 2
.na
\fB\fB/usr/lib/iconv/geniconvtbl/binarytables/*.bt\fR\fR
.ad
.sp .6
.RS 4n
conversion binary tables
.RE

.SH ATTRIBUTES
.sp
.LP
See \fBattributes\fR(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
.sp

.sp
.TS
box;
c | c
l | l .
ATTRIBUTE TYPE	ATTRIBUTE VALUE
_
Interface Stability	Standard
_
MT-Level	MT-Safe
.TE

.SH SEE ALSO
.sp
.LP
.BR geniconvtbl (1),
.BR iconv (1),
.BR iconv_close (3C),
.BR iconv_open (3C),
.BR geniconvtbl (5),
.BR attributes (7),
.BR iconv (7),
.BR iconv_unicode (7),
.BR standards (7)
